Key words

Starting with the January 1998 Astronomical Journal, key words are included for all published papers. Authors should select key words using the list given below.

Usually no more than five key words will be needed. In listing choices, the overall categories (which are indented) should not be included. Do not include any part of a keyword that is in parentheses below: thus, "(stars:) binaries (including multiple): close" should be given as "binaries: close."

The key words should appear following the abstract, in alphabetical order, each separated by an "em" dash, or by --- as in the following example:

Key words: galaxies: evolution --- galaxies: individual (NGC 6822) ---
           galaxies: irregular --- stars: evolution

This keyword list is a subset of the keyword list used by the ApJ, A&A and MNRAS. Keywords from the larger list can also be selected.

We have joined the editors of ApJ, A&A, and MNRAS, who adopted these key words for use in the indexes of the journals. Revisions and updating are made annually by agreement among the editors. If you feel that the list lacks an important heading, or that other revisions are needed, please send an e-mail message to: astroj@astro.washington.edu.

COSMOLOGY

• (cosmology:) cosmic microwave background
• cosmology: miscellaneous
• cosmology: observations
• cosmology: theory
• (cosmology:) dark matter
• (cosmology:) diffuse radiation
• (cosmology:) distance scale
• (cosmology:) early universe
• (cosmology:) gravitational lensing
• (cosmology:) large-scale structure of universe

• galaxies: abundances
• galaxies: active
• (galaxies:) BL Lacertae objects: general
• (galaxies:) BL Lacertae objects: individual (..., ...)
• galaxies: clusters: general
• galaxies: clusters: individual (..., ...)
• galaxies: binary
• galaxies: compact
• (galaxies:) cooling flows
• galaxies: distances and redshifts
• galaxies: dwarf
• galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
• galaxies: evolution
• galaxies: formation
• galaxies: fundamental parameters (classification, colors, luminosities, masses, radii, etc.)
• galaxies: general
• galaxies: halos
• galaxies: individual (..., ...)
• galaxies: interactions
• (galaxies:) intergalactic medium
• galaxies: ISM
• galaxies: irregular
• galaxies: jets
• galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
• (galaxies:) Local Group
• galaxies: luminosity function, mass function
• (galaxies:) Magellanic Clouds
• galaxies: magnetic fields
• galaxies: nuclei
• galaxies: peculiar
• galaxies: photometry
• (galaxies:) quasars: absorption lines
• (galaxies:) quasars: emission lines
• (galaxies:) quasars: general
• (galaxies:) quasars: individual (..., ...)
• galaxies: Seyfert
• galaxies: spiral
• galaxies: starburst
• galaxies: star clusters
• galaxies: statistics
• galaxies: stellar content
• galaxies: structure

• Galaxy: abundances
• Galaxy: center
• Galaxy: evolution
• Galaxy: formation
• Galaxy: fundamental parameters
• Galaxy: general
• (Galaxy:) globular clusters: general
• (Galaxy:) globular clusters: individual (..., ...)
• Galaxy: halo
• Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics
• (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: general
• (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: individual (..., ...)
• (Galaxy:) solar neighborhood
• Galaxy: stellar content
• Galaxy: structure

• ISM: abundances
• ISM: atoms
• ISM: bubbles
• ISM: clouds
• (ISM:) cosmic rays
• (ISM:) dust, extinction
• ISM: general
• ISM: globules
• (ISM:) HII regions
• ISM: individual (..., ...) (except planetary nebulae)
• ISM: jets and outflows
• ISM: Herbig-Haro objects
• ISM: kinematics and dynamics
• ISM: magnetic fields
• ISM: molecules
• (ISM:) planetary nebulae: general
• (ISM:) planetary nebulae: individual (..., ...)
• (ISM:) reflection nebulae
• ISM: structure
• (ISM:) supernova remnants
• ISM: HI
• ISM: evolution
• ISM: lines and bands

• stars: abundances
• stars: activity
• stars: AGB and post-AGB
• stars: atmospheres
• (stars:) binaries (including multiple): close
• (stars:) binaries: eclipsing
• (stars:) binaries: general
• (stars:) binaries: symbiotic
• (stars:) binaries: spectroscopic
• (stars:) binaries: visual
• (stars:) blue stragglers
• stars: carbon
• stars: chemically peculiar
• stars: chromospheres
• (stars:) circumstellar matter
• (stars:) color-magnitude diagrams (HR diagram)
• stars: coronae
• stars: distances
• stars: early-type
• stars: emission-line, Be
• stars: evolution
• stars: flare
• stars: formation
• stars: fundamental parameters (classification, colors, luminosities, masses, radii, temperatures, etc.)
• stars: general
• stars: horizontal-branch
• stars: imaging
• stars: individual (..., ...)
• stars: interiors
• stars: kinematics
• stars: late-type
• stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs
• stars: luminosity function, mass function
• stars: magnetic fields
• stars: mass-loss
• stars: neutron
• (stars:) novae, cataclysmic variables
• stars: oscillations (including pulsations)
• stars: peculiar
• (stars:) planetary systems
• stars: Population II
• stars: pre-main sequence
• (stars:) pulsars: general
• (stars:) pulsars: individual (..., ...)
• stars: rotation
• stars: spots
• stars: statistics
• (stars:) subdwarfs
• (stars:) supergiants
• (stars:) supernovae: general
• (stars:) supernovae: individual (..., ...)
• (stars: variables:) Cepheids
• (stars: variables:) delta Scuti
• stars: variables: other
• (stars:) white dwarfs
• stars: Wolf-Rayet
• (stars: variables:) RR Lyrae variable
• stars: variables: general
• (stars: variables:) Miras
• stars: winds, outflows

• comets: general
• comets: individual (..., ...)
• Earth
• interplanetary medium
• meteors, meteoroids
• minor planets, asteroids
• Moon
• planets and satellites: general
• planets and satellites: individual (alphabetic order)
• solar system: formation
• solar system: general
• Sun
• ephemerides
• Kuiper Belt, Oort cloud

• astrometry
• celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics
• occultations
• reference systems
• time

• instrumentation: detectors
• instrumentation: interferometers
• instrumentation: miscellaneous
• instrumentation: photometers
• instrumentation: polarimeters
• instrumentation: spectrographs
• methods: analytical
• methods: data analysis
• methods: miscellaneous
• methods: numerical
• methods: observational
• methods: statistical
• site testing
• techniques: image processing
• techniques: interferometric
• techniques: miscellaneous
• techniques: photometric
• techniques: polarimetric
• techniques: radar astronomy
• techniques: radial velocities
• techniques: spectroscopic
• telescopes
• space vehicles: instumentation
• instrumentation: adaptive optics
• methods: n-body simulations

• atlases
• catalogs
• surveys

• gamma rays
• infrared radiation
• radio continuum
• radio emission lines
• ultraviolet emission
• X-rays
• submillimeter

• errata, addenda
• physical data and processes
• sociology of astronomy
• standards